| Organelle | Description | Function | | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Cell Membrane | Separates the inside of the cell from its environment | Controls what enters and leaves the cell | | Cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell | Supports the cell and suspends the organelles | | [[DNA]] | Genetic material | Dictates how the cell functions | | Nucleus | Control center of the cell | Contains DNA and directs activities of the cell | | Ribosomes | Make proteins | Found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum | | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Transports materials throughout the cell | Rough ER: Has ribosomes attached and makes proteins | | Golgi Apparatus | Packages proteins and other materials | Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER | | Vacuole | Stores materials | Stores water in plant cells, waste products in animal cells | | Lysosome | Breaks down waste and worn out cell parts | Recycles cellular debris | | Mitochondrion | Powerhouse of the cell | Produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration | | Cytoskeleton | Maintains cell shape | Made up of microfilaments and microtubules | | Chloroplast (Plant Cells Only) | Captures sunlight for energy | Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis | | Cell Wall (Plant Cells Only) | Provides support and protection | Rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane | | Cilia (Animal Cells Only) | Microscopic hair-like projections that move in waves | Trap and expel inhaled particles | | Flagella (Some Bacteria and Sperm Cells) | Tail-like structure that helps cells move | Propels cells | #biology