# Metadata Source URL:: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Basic_Human_Values Topics:: #psychology, #personal-growth --- # Theory of Basic Human Values - Wikipedia ## Highlights > [!quote]+ Updated on 201122_165345 > > The Theory of Basic Human Values recognize ten universal values, which can be organized in four higher-order groups. Each of the ten universal values has a central goal that is the underlying motivator.[1][5] > >Openness to change[edit] >Self-Direction Independent thought and action—choosing, creating, exploring. >Stimulation Excitement, novelty and challenge in life. > >Self-enhancement[edit] >Hedonism Pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself. >Achievement Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards. >Power Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources. > >Conservation[edit] >Security Safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self. >Conformity Restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms. >Tradition Respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that one's culture or religion provides. > >Self-transcendence[edit] >Benevolence Preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact (the ‘in-group’). >Universalism Understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature. > >Other[edit] >Spirituality was considered as an additional eleventh value, however, it was found that it did not exist in all cultures.