Neurorobotics - wikipedia.org  ## Metadata - Author: **wikipedia.org** - Full Title: Neurorobotics - Category: #articles - URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorobotics ## Highlights - Neurorobotics is that branch of neuroscience with robotics, which deals with the study and application of science and technology of embodied autonomous neural systems like brain-inspired algorithms. It is based on the idea that the brain is embodied and the body is embedded in the environment. Therefore, most neurorobots are required to function in the real world, as opposed to a simulated environment ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01hn72jjd7ev5fqs7p1kz0v3ax)) - Locomotion control has been mimicked using models or [central pattern generators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_pattern_generator), clumps of neurons capable of driving repetitive behavior, to make four-legged walking robots.[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorobotics#cite_note-5) Other groups have expanded the idea of combining rudimentary control systems into a hierarchical set of simple autonomous systems. These systems can formulate complex movements from a combination of these rudimentary subsets.[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorobotics#cite_note-6) This theory of motor action is based on the organization of [cortical columns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_column), which progressively integrate from simple sensory input into a complex [afferent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afferent_nerve_fiber) signals, or from complex motor programs to simple controls for each [muscle fiber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle#Skeletal_muscle_fibers) in [efferent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efferent_nerve_fiber) signals, forming a similar hierarchical structure ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01hn72pfsgj6d3mqjs976q41zn)) - Robots designed to test theories of animal [memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory) systems. Many studies examine the memory system of rats, particularly the rat [hippocampus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus), dealing with [place cells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_cells), which fire for a specific location that has been learned.[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorobotics#cite_note-8)[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurorobotics#cite_note-behavior-based-9) Systems modeled after the rat hippocampus are generally able to learn [mental maps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_map) of the environment, including recognizing landmarks and associating behaviors with them, allowing them to predict the upcoming obstacles and landmarks ([View Highlight](https://read.readwise.io/read/01hn72tmae9kwy8xnnd7hjjscd))